What determines eye color
Many scientists claim that your eye color is purely genetic, which is mostly true. However, little is still known about the specific genes that determine iris color in humans. We know that rarer eye color genes are recessive, so perhaps it's just a matter of having the right genes.
What many people know about the formation of iris color is that it involves two pigments: melanin (brown pigment) and lipochrome (yellow pigment). It also depends on how the visual organ scatters light. When you see someone with blue eyes, it means there is no melanin or brown pigmentation. Conversely, when you see someone with dark brown eyes, they have an abundance of melanin.
Blue-eyed: on the verge
What does it mean? Today eyes are not considered a rarity, but you won’t see them at every step either. The iris may have this shade due to the low melanin content in the body. In this case, the red color of the vessels that make up the eyeball, due to its low frequency, is absorbed by the blue, which is high frequency. Many capillaries that are located near the surface can be painted with it. These vessels overlap the fibers of the iris, which have their own individual density. If it is large, then we get blue eyes. The lower the density, the more saturated and dark the iris shade becomes.
Rare eye colors and how they occur
| Eye color | Causes |
| Heterochromia | An increase or decrease in pigmentation in one iris or part of the iris. |
| Anisocoria | One pupil is wider than the other, causing one eye to appear darker. |
| Red or pink | There is little or no melanin due to albinism. |
| Violet | The lack of melanin is mixed with light reflected from the red blood vessels. |
| Grey | There is very little melanin with a high collagen content in the stroma. |
| Green | A little melanin, a lot of lipochrome and Rayleigh light scattering. |
| Amber | A little melanin with a lot of lipochrome. |
| Walnut | Melanin concentrates in the outer part of the iris, causing a multicolored appearance that usually ranges from copper to green depending on the light. |
Ethnogeography [edit | edit code ]
Since eye color is determined by genetics, the frequency of distribution of certain colors is one of the characteristic features of each nation.
Russia [edit | edit code ]
According to the results of research by I. I. Pantyukhov, published in 1909, among Russians at the beginning of the 20th century the distribution was approximately as follows [39] [ unauthorized source?
] .
| grey | brown | blue and cyan | black and green |
| 50 % | 25 % | 20 % | 5 % |
In 1955-1959, an anthropological expedition was carried out under the leadership of V.V. Bunak, during which 17 thousand people of the Russian population of the RSFSR were examined. Eye color was determined using the Bunak scale. The following results were obtained [40] .
| Category | Light type | Transitional type | Dark type | Sample |
| Men | 44,75 % | 49,66 % | 5,59 % | 8754 |
| Women | 42,07 % | 50,72 % | 7,21 % | 8074 |
| In total | 43,46 % | 50,17 % | 6,37 % | 16828 |
USA [edit | edit code ]
In 1985, in the United States, statistics on eye and hair color were collected by self-report method among representatives of various ethnic groups born in 1957-1965 [41].
| Group | Color | Sample | ||||||||
| blue | blue | light brown | brown | black | green | olive | grey | another | ||
| White Americans (men) | 1,1 % | 34,5 % | 0,7 % | 33,5 % | 0,5 % | 13,1 % | 15,2 % | 0,8 % | 0,6 % | 3036 |
| White Americans (women) | 1,2 % | 29,4 % | 0,8 % | 33,0 % | 0,3 % | 17,5 % | 16,6 % | 0,9 % | 0,4 % | 3188 |
| White Americans (total) | 1,1 % | 31,9 % | 0,8 % | 33,3 % | 0,4 % | 15,4 % | 15,9 % | 0,9 % | 0,5 % | 6224 |
| Black Americans (men) | 0,1 % | 0,5 % | 1,2 % | 84,7 % | 11,9 % | 0,2 % | 1,0 % | 0,3 % | 0,1 % | 1415 |
| Black Americans (women) | 0,0 % | 0,1 % | 1,2 % | 84,9 % | 12,0 % | 0,4 % | 1,3 % | 0,0 % | 0,2 % | 1422 |
| Black Americans (total) | 0,1 % | 0,3 % | 1,2 % | 84,8 % | 11,9 % | 0,3 % | 1,1 % | 0,1 % | 0,1 % | 2837 |
| Hispanics (men) | 0,0 % | 2,8 % | 1,9 % | 79,5 % | 6,7 % | 4,2 % | 4,6 % | 0,1 % | 0,2 % | 909 |
| Latinos (women) | 0,1 % | 2,1 % | 3,9 % | 78,2 % | 7,2 % | 3,1 % | 5,4 % | 0,0 % | 0,1 % | 908 |
| Hispanics (total) | 0,1 % | 2,4 % | 2,9 % | 78,9 % | 6,9 % | 3,6 % | 5,0 % | 0,1 % | 0,2 % | 1817 |
| Americans of English descent | 1,1 % | 32,7 % | 0,9 % | 30,6 % | 0,8 % | 16,0 % | 16,5 % | 0,9 % | 0,5 % | 2096 |
| Americans of German descent | 1,3 % | 34,9 % | 0,8 % | 30,2 % | 0,1 % | 14,9 % | 17,2 % | 0,7 % | 0,1 % | 1492 |
| Irish Americans | 1,4 % | 36,0 % | 1,0 % | 28,3 % | 0,4 % | 17,4 % | 13,3 % | 1,6 % | 0,6 % | 495 |
| Americans of Italian descent | 1,3 % | 8,2 % | 0,9 % | 61,9 % | 0,9 % | 8,2 % | 16,9 % | 0,9 % | 0,9 % | 231 |
| Americans of French descent | 0,6 % | 26,6 % | 1,1 % | 41,8 % | 0,6 % | 10,3 % | 17,6 % | 1,1 % | 0,4 % | 534 |
Which color is the most unique?
It's hard to pinpoint which eye color is the least common, but if you've never seen any of the ones listed below, it's because they're unusual.
Although it may seem that only a few people have rare iris colors, the truth is that each person has their own unique color, just like a fingerprint. No two people have the same eye shape or color. So even if you have brown eyes, your color is unique.
Various shades
Not all people on earth have the same eye color; sometimes it is quite difficult to say what color they have. For example, if two colors are combined: blue and green, then there will be green-blue eyes. There may be a countless number of such shades, but let's look at the most popular color combinations. If your eyes are the following shade:
In conclusion, we would like to note that there is the following pattern: the brighter and more pronounced the color of the eyes, the more impulsive and emotional the nature of their owner, and vice versa, the colder the shade, the colder the character.
Attention, TODAY only!
Why do people have different eye colors? The human eye is beautiful and unique - it is specific, like a fingerprint. Therefore, it is not surprising that many are so obsessed with the issue of eye color and its influence on people’s character.
“The eyes are the mirror of the soul.” Is this really so and what do we know about them?
The eyes are a sensory organ through which we receive more than 80% of information from the outside world. This is possible due to the presence of photoreceptors in them:
- cones;
- sticks.
Rods help people navigate in the dark, and cones respond to light. To what color are the retinal cones selectively sensitive? Cones are sensitive to blue, green and red wavelengths of light. It is this color spectrum that is the basis for our color perception.
The rarest and most beautiful eye colors in the world
1. Heterochromia and anisocoria. These conditions are sometimes mistaken for each other.
Heterochromia is a rare vision disorder in which the iris comes in different colors. There are three types of heterochromia:
- Full: eyes of completely different colors.
- Partial: A spot on the iris that is a completely different color than the rest of the iris due to differences in pigmentation.
- Central: When there is an inner ring that is a different color from the outer part of the iris because melanin is concentrated around the pupil.
This is quite an unusual type of coloration for the eyes, and although some people use contact lenses to make the iris color more even, I think such a rare beauty should be on display! Less than 1% of people have aniscoria or heterochromia.
Anisocoria is a condition in which one of the pupils is significantly larger than the other and the difference is several millimeters. This creates the illusion that the eyes are different colors.
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Anisocoria can be congenital or the result of nerve palsy or traumatic eye injury, which can lead to much more significant differences in pupil size. Because of this, an organ of vision with a dilated pupil appears much darker than another with a normal pupil.
2. Less than 1% of the world's population has red, pink and purple eyes. Two main conditions cause a red or pinkish color: albinism and blood in the iris. Although albinos usually have very light blue eyes due to a lack of pigment, some forms of albinism can cause the iris to appear red or pink.
The purple-blue color is also found only in people with albinism. Scientists believe that you cannot have purple eyes unless you are an albino.
3. Gray eyes can sometimes be mistaken for blue. It is believed that what causes the iris to appear gray rather than blue is related to the amount of collagen present in the stroma. This interferes with Rayleigh scattering, causing the light to reflect gray rather than blue. Less than 1% of people have gray eyes.
4. Green eyes. Low melanin content, lipochrome burst, and Rayleigh scattering of light reflected from the yellow stroma can produce different shades of green. Only 2% of the world's population has green eyes. This is definitely rare!
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5. Amber eyes. This amazingly beautiful golden color is often confused with nutty. The difference is that hazel eyes have green and brown undertones, while amber eyes are a solid, uniform color. With minimal melanin and lots of lipochrome, eyes in this shade almost glow! Many animals have this iris color, but it is very rare for humans. No more than 5% of the population are born with this color.
6. Hazel eyes may seem fairly common, but only about 5% of the world's population is born with this color. In hazel eyes, melanin is concentrated on the outer side of the iris, giving them a multicolored appearance.
Characteristics of blue-eyed people
If you see blue or dark blue eyes in people, be sure that these are real creators or geniuses who are prone to constant mood swings. Often such individuals are very different from the general mass both in their character and in their natural abilities. They are characterized by contradictions, they can begin to feel sad in the midst of fun. Such people prefer eternal change to a monotonous routine; they are fickle in their decisions and choices. However, behind all this confusion there may be sentimentality, sensitivity, the ability to truly love and give everything for the sake of a loved one.
Are there really black eyes?
Some people think that black is one of the rarest iris colors. Have you ever seen a person with eyes that appear black as night? Although they look black, they are actually very dark brown, which is caused by the abundance of melanin. You can only identify the pupil by the iris when a bright light is pointed at the eyes! About 70% of the population of our planet have a brown iris.
It is believed that the human race began with brown eyes, and due to genetic mutations, other colors appeared. Perhaps this is why brown is the most common color (but no less beautiful)!
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General recommendations
Nowadays everything natural is in fashion, so you need to try to do your makeup so that it does not catch your eye, but emphasizes all your advantages. Make-up is done in the following sequence:
- Cleanse your face thoroughly and apply tone to it. It should also be applied to the upper eyelid, since without a base the shadows will not stick well.
- If the skin is oily and shiny, then you need to dust your face a little with colorless powder.
- Next, shape the eyebrows and carefully draw them.
- They make eyeliner. In this case, the line near the bridge of the nose should be as thin as possible, and widen towards the outer corner.
- Apply shadows to the upper eyelid and shade them. You can use several different shades, but they should blend smoothly into one another.
- At the end, apply a little dark shadow to the outer corner of the eye and shade it, slightly extending beyond the boundaries of the lower eyelid.
