How to determine eye color using a mirror?
- Wear a neutral T-shirt. The shade of the eyes, especially light ones, varies slightly depending on the color of the clothes. Things in bright colors always give the eyes an extra tint.
- Determine eye color only in daylight. Daylight almost does not distort colors and shades, and the error will be minimal
- Conduct research on your appearance in a calm environment. The iris contracts and expands in response to light and at the moment when a person experiences strong emotions. If the size of the pupil changes, the pigments contained in the iris are either concentrated or dispersed. At this moment, the eyes either lighten a little or darken a little. Since eye color changes depending on your mood, relax and don't think about anything.
- Take a mirror, stand by the window and take a closer look at the color of your eyes. What shade do you see?
Scientists identify eight primary colors of the iris:
- blue,
- blue,
- grey,
- green,
- walnut,
- amber,
- brown.
But there are countless shades that can be named.
Blue eye color in a child
It would seem, what is the difference between blue and blue eye colors, by and large. But science and medicine think differently. Let's look a little more closely, the eye has an outer (ectodermal) and an inner (endodermal) layer of the iris, the inner layer is filled with melanin, to a greater or lesser extent. But the outer one, especially in infants, contains a tiny fraction of pigment, and the less of it, as well as the less density of the ectodermal (outer) layer of the iris, the brighter and lighter the color of the child’s eyes.
But do not be mistaken that the eye has blue fibers, this is not so. When light falls on the stroma (a layer of eye tissue consisting of fibers and vessels) of the iris, it is scattered, some rays are absorbed by the endodermal layer (the inner one filled with melanin), and some are reflected, it all depends on the frequency of the rays (high frequency and low frequency rays). Thus, we see a certain eye color in the baby, in this case blue.
What do eye colors mean to geneticists?
About 10,000 years ago, all people had brown eyes. And then a genetic mutation occurred in a person who lived in the Black Sea region. It led to the appearance of blue eyes. Moreover, the gene for brown eyes is the strongest. It often defeats the genes responsible for green and blue eye colors.
It so happens that peoples with blue eyes live far from the equator. Brown eyed nations are mostly concentrated in temperate regions. Well, the black-eyed inhabitants of our vast planet live on the equator.
Nowadays, peoples are very mixed, but in general, the color of a person’s eyes indicates the genetic homeland of his ancestors. The darker the eyes, the better they are protected from blinding sunlight. There is, however, one exception: residents of the Far North have dark, rather than blue, eyes. This way they are protected from the unbearable reflection of light from the snow.
Green eye color in a child
People practically don’t have completely green eyes; this is rare, because usually babies have eyes with a green tint, a marsh color or interspersed with brown dots; such eyes are also called “honey eyes”. But no matter what shade of green the child’s eyes are, this is due to a small amount of melanin pigment.
Also, the green color of a child’s eyes appears due to the presence in the outer layer of the iris of another pigment that has a light brownish tint, lipofuscin. Because of which, together with scattered light and rays that absorb the inner pigmented layer of the iris, various shades of green are obtained, from light to dark, swampy.
Along with green eyes, the child, judging by genetic statistics, also gets the gene that determines red hair color. And one more fact: there are many more green-eyed girls and women on the planet than men. It is also interesting that lipofuscin has the ability to both accumulate and disappear from cells, which is probably why people have chameleon eyes only when their base eye color is green.
How to find out the color of a child's eyes?
What else interesting things will geneticists tell us? It turns out that you can predict the color of a child's eyes even before birth.
Scientists have developed a table that shows the probability of having a child with a particular eye color under different conditions.
But, of course, no one will give you a 100% guarantee of results. The possibility of mutation or malfunction of melanocytes cannot be excluded. Genetics is powerless here.
How eye color is passed on from parents
Determining what eye color a child will have, taking into account only information about mom and dad, will be too rough a calculation. Although, if both parents are brown-eyed, they are more likely to have a child with the same brown eyes
It is not surprising that such a father and mother will give birth to a baby with gray or blue eyes
It is important to consider not only the color of each parent's grandparent's cornea, but also that human DNA carries at least 6 genes that can significantly influence eye color
Mendel's first law
Gregor Mendel is a teacher of physics and biology who became interested in experiments on pea propagation. He was especially interested in the pattern of transmission of distinctive features of different varieties. He realized that each pea cell responsible for its color contains two genes. Each of the genes can carry information about either yellow color or green color. These color genes were called alleles. If a cell contained both genes carrying the yellow code, or both with the green color information, such cells were called homozygous. Mendel's first law states that if two parents whose cells are homozygous are crossed, then all individuals of the first generation of offspring will acquire the characteristics of the dominant gene.
If you try to apply this law to the inheritance of eye color, you should remember that you need to determine the color of the offspring not by two genes, like in peas, but by six. That is, each cell responsible for the color of the cornea carries six genes with color information. In order to unambiguously determine the eye color of a child from his parents, the table must contain possible options for crossing exclusively homozygous cells.
In other words, if for centuries the father’s family had only brown-eyed relatives, and the mother’s ancestors all had green eyes, then to determine the child’s eye color it is enough to know that brown is dominant over green, that is, the child will definitely be born brown-eyed. In real life, it is impossible to imagine a situation in which a person has homozygous cells responsible for eye color. Although the main rule of the predominance of dominant characteristics is fundamental.
Interesting. It often happens that a baby is born with an eye color like one of the grandmothers, and not at all like one of the parents.
What does different eye color mean?
The ancient sages insisted that eye color affects character. Light and warm shades of the eyes indicate that we have before us a sophisticated nature, soaring in the clouds. Those with a bright iris are prone to adventurism and have an active life position. Dark eyes indicate a stern disposition.
What does green eye color mean?
People with green eyes are calm and decisive. They soberly assess their capabilities, but at the same time have a developed imagination. They are often considered strict but fair. Such people find a way out of any situation and keep everything under control.
People with green eyes are curious and intelligent. They can be called passionate natures. They have a zest for life and are obsessed with the desire for an eventful life. Sometimes they are very jealous.
It is believed that those with green eyes are principled, stubborn and persistent. They always know what they want and persistently pursue the goal. They can handle any difficulties.
But a person with light green eyes may lack vitality. He will never become a leader, although he gains authority among himself without much difficulty.
What do brown and black eye colors mean?
Brown-eyed people are courageous individuals. They easily challenge difficulties. They like variety and novelty. They are very sociable and love to make new friends. They are polite with others and show care towards their loved ones.
Many brown-eyed people are cheerful and spontaneous people. They can easily cheer up others and make them laugh.
They are very persistent and have a strong inner core. Many good leaders have brown eyes.
Often, brown-eyed people strive for unusual and short-term relationships. They are independent but reliable. For people who mean a lot to them, they will go the extra mile.
People with brown and black eyes are very energetic and passionate. They are often driven by passion, they rush to victory, no matter what the cost. If they are no longer admired, they will quickly lose interest in such a company. Brown-eyed people are quick-tempered, but easy-going, self-confident and very sociable.
Black eye color is very rare. People around them often perceive black-eyed people as reliable and responsible people. They don't abandon their friends when they need help.
Such people do not like to tell someone about themselves and their lives, and as a result they are considered secretive. Meanwhile, they are passionate and lively natures, possessing a special sensuality. People with dark eyes are optimists.
They are stubborn and persistent, impulsive and energetic. Difficulties make them irritable. Black-eyed managers can be ruthless towards employees. They also have developed intuition and quickly make decisions even in difficult situations.
What does hazel eye color mean?
People with hazel, snake-like eyes are not often found, which is why they are considered interesting, unique individuals. They relate well to all people, they can cheer up and calm down. They love to look at others and show themselves off. They don't like to criticize anything.
People with light brown or hazel eyes can be a little insecure and shy. They are flexible and sensitive. They are very hardworking and rely only on themselves. The main priorities in the lives of owners of yellow eyes are the security and success of the family, so you should not offend their family and friends.
What does blue eye color mean?
Blue-eyed people are romantic and vulnerable. They are easy to offend. They constantly have their head in the clouds and dream. They take everything to heart. They can become depressed and sentimental, and behave capriciously.
Blue-eyed people are peaceful and intelligent, simple and cheerful. They tend to have the longest relationships.
They have keen powers of observation and do not like monotony. They can be assertive.
Blue is a cold color, so those with such eyes can be quite cruel. If the blue color has a warm tint, then the person’s character is softer.
What does gray eye color mean?
Gray-eyed people are smart and balanced, they look at things soberly and always stay on top. They are honest and kind, they have well-developed intellect and poorly developed intuition. They may be reserved when communicating with others.
Those with gray eyes are wise and non-aggressive. They are sensitive and boast a flexible approach to different situations and people. Gray-eyed girls take building relationships very seriously and prefer a long-term partnership based on deep love.
Gray-eyed people have an analytical mind, their thinking is clear and rational. They have deep inner strength and will never be influenced by external pressure. Gray-eyed people are quite decisive, but can get confused in situations that do not require intellectual activity.
What do blue-gray eyes mean?
Gray-blue eyes combine two icy shades at the same time. In the character of people with this eye color, there are qualities of people with gray and blue eyes. They are ambitious and determined, but honest and absolutely calm. They are always ready to help and give good advice.
However, each person is unique. It is unreasonable to force his personality into some kind of framework. Look not at the color of the eyes, but at their expression. It cannot be said that all blue-eyed people are cruel and heartless. Rely on your intuition.
What do gray-green eyes mean?
People with gray-green eyes are hardworking, conscientious, fair, sentimental, somewhat cold, pragmatic and realistic. Such individuals easily combine intelligence with flexibility and intuition, and have a strong will and determination.
Owners of gray-green eyes are characterized by obstinacy and categoricalness. It is difficult to communicate with them, but they are reliable and loyal friends.
