People with color blindness constantly face limitations in many areas of life. For example, they cannot drive commercial vehicles or work in certain professions where correct color perception is necessary: pilots, chemists, sailors, and military personnel. That is why people of the listed professions undergo regular vision examinations with special tests.
Those who are faced with the problem of color blindness for the first time have a question about their driver's license. This article outlines the basic provisions on the rights of colorblind people to drive vehicles.
Colorblindness and its features
The medical term “color blindness” became known to the world at the end of the twentieth century; it began to designate an ophthalmological disease of the inability to see one or more colors. This defect, as a rule, is congenital and hereditary, because the reason is in the set of chromosomes. However, there are also cases where a person has ceased to distinguish certain colors due to injury or other physiological changes in the body, while men suffer from this disease more often than women. Color blindness cannot be treated - the guarantees that color perception will be normalized are extremely small, while doctors abroad have already adapted to slightly correct this defect in order to allow patients to see at least approximate tones.
People with defects in color perception can be trichromats (not seeing one of the colors), dichromats (not distinguishing the palette of shades of green/red/blue), or even monochromats: that is, seeing light literally in black and white. .
What the law says
In the regulations of the legislation of the Russian Federation regarding the ability of people with color blindness to drive a car, the statements are ambiguous.
On the one hand, people suffering from color blindness are not allowed to take the exams to obtain a driver's license for the first time in any category. This is stated in the Order of the Ministry of Health No. 302n dated April 12, 2011. Despite long discussions on this matter, this decision was adopted for implementation in 2014, and from February 16, 2021, it fully acquired legal force.
At the same time, the legislation does not prohibit those people who previously received a license from driving legally, but who were subsequently discovered to have visual defects associated with the perception of the color palette.
Driver vision requirements for different categories of vehicles
The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation has developed and implemented a clear list of medical requirements that applicants for obtaining driving licenses of various categories must meet. Thus, people who intend to obtain vehicle categories in the range “A-B-E” must have visual acuity for each eye of at least 0.6 and 0.2 units.
For people wearing glasses or contacts, standards are established for diopter units: this threshold should not exceed 8 units, while the maximum permissible difference between the eye indicators of both is 3 units.
People who are completely blind in one eye also have the right to apply for a driver's license, however, the visual acuity of the other eye must be at least 0.8.
As for categories “C” and “D”, as well as their subcategories, the requirements for them differ only in the visual acuity of a driver with such a license - this indicator must be at least 0.8 and 0.4 units for different eyes.
At the same time, the Order of the Ministry of Health contains a clear list of medical prohibitions related to diseases or injuries of the eye that do not give the right to drive a car. In addition to color blindness itself, among them are diseases of glaucoma, optic nerve atrophy, retinal detachment, and atypical changes in the lacrimal sac. It is prohibited to operate vehicles for people who have undergone eye surgery within 3 months after the intervention, as well as for those who experience visual double vision of objects in front of their eyes.
Restriction for obtaining a driver's license due to vision
The right to drive a vehicle (vehicle) is granted to persons if their vision indicators do not go beyond the norm:
- For drivers of category A1, B2 or A, visual acuity is not lower than 0.2 in one eye and 0.6 in the other.
- For category B drivers, visual acuity must be equal to or higher than 0.2 in the weak eye and 0.6 in the strong eye.
- Drivers of category C with vision of at least 0.4 units in one eye and 0.8 in the other can obtain a driving license in 2021.
- If both eyes of a person see equally, then he will be allowed to operate the machine if the visual acuity of both eyes is not lower than 0.7 units.
- If one eye is blind, the visual acuity of the second should be equal to or exceed 0.8 units.
Where to take a color blindness test and how much it will cost
Now there are many online services with which you can test for color blindness at home. As a rule, network tests use color tables with a specific pattern, by distinguishing which a person can understand whether he has defects associated with color blindness. However, the online test does not always provide correct results simply because the color matrix of the display can distort a number of shades. In this regard, we strongly recommend that you undergo testing to identify deviations in color perception during a consultation with an experienced ophthalmologist.
The ophthalmologist uses special tables approved by the Ministry of Health and conducts testing using an anomaloscope device that can detect the slightest deviations in the perception of the color palette.
Regarding the cost of undergoing such an examination, it is important to say that the compulsory medical insurance policy gives the right to receive it free of charge at the service medical institution. If the patient wishes to undergo testing at a full appointment with an ophthalmologist on a paid basis, for such a consultation you will have to pay in the amount of 500 to 2 thousand rubles.
Colorblindness and category rights
Also, in the specialist’s office there should be sufficient lighting (preferably daylight, and the person being examined should sit with his back to the light source); If the color blindness test is taken online, then the correct reflection of colors may depend on the monitor matrix.
- It is not recommended to give instant answers. 10 seconds are allotted for viewing each image;
- tables should be located from the eyes at a distance of 65 - 100 cm (arm's length distance).
When passing a medical examination, a person looks at the picture with both eyes at the same time (this is done in order to save time during the examination). If an examination is performed by a specialist for the purpose of a detailed study, then the pictures are viewed first with one eye and then with the other.
The test for color blindness is most often carried out using Rabkin tables.
Responsibility for concealing color vision disorders
If the fact that a diagnosis of color blindness does not allow a person to apply for a driver’s license is obvious, then concomitant eye diseases associated with color vision often do not prevent such people from circumventing this prohibition: certificates of excellent vision are often purchased. In fact, such actions are regarded by the Criminal Code as fraud, and the production of false documents is punishable according to the letter of the law.
We will find the corresponding standards of liability in Article 327 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: imprisonment for up to 2 years threatens those who are engaged in the production and distribution of counterfeit documents (in this case, medical certificates). But for a driver who deliberately neglects the law and his diagnosis, the presence and use of a fake certificate can result in a fine of up to 80 thousand rubles, and sometimes even imprisonment for up to six months.
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Online color blindness test: Rabkin tables with answers for drivers
Your attention, dear visitors of the website Psychoanalyst-Matveev.RF, is invited to take a test for color blindness online using Rabkin’s polychromatic color perception tables with answers for drivers.
Vision is one of the five senses of a person, and color perception - due to the violation of which color blindness is diagnosed - makes it possible to see the world in colors and clearly distinguish alarm systems (signs, colors of traffic lights) for drivers on the roads.
To test for colorblindness, Rabkin tables are usually used, with the help of which you can accurately determine the classification of “color blindness,” which is so important for motorists when obtaining a license.
Elena, 29 years old, hairdresser
A car is a high-risk vehicle. And, if there is even the slightest chance that a person who is not entirely healthy could create an emergency on the road, such a driver should not be given a license. After all, every driver is responsible not only for his own life! Often his inattention, poor health or slow reaction can cause the death of other people. And this should not be allowed under any circumstances! Better give people with color vision impairment a discount on taxis! We cannot allow even the theoretical possibility that the driver will misunderstand the traffic light signal!
Test for colorblindness using Rabkin tables
A colorblind person may be completely or partially color blind. Most often, he does not distinguish red - protanopia; sometimes green - “deutranopia”; and there is blue-violet - dichromia - tritanopia.
The disease color blindness is considered hereditary, although it can also be acquired. Mostly men are colorblind. It is Rabkin’s polychromatic table that will clearly determine the defect in your color perception.
So, take the test for color blindness using Rabkin’s tables with answers
You need to look at one of the signs for 5-7 seconds and say what you saw there (select from the proposed answers by clicking on the appropriate button). And so all 27 tables.
Rabkin's polychromatic color perception tables - test for colorblindness online
Instructions for the color blindness test: To correctly determine your color perception (color perception) using Rabkin’s polychromatic tables, take the color blindness test online in the following order:
You need to look at the first table for 5-7 seconds and go to the answers... (for convenience, use the “up” and “down” links), then select the proposed option, go back to the pictures and look at the second picture... and so on...
By taking an online color blindness test and clicking on the results, you will find out if you have anomalies in color perception and see the correct answers that are suitable for drivers... to the answers...
- Rabkin’s table (the number 96 is seen by everyone - both colorblind and healthy - showing what to watch...)
- polychromatic table (square and triangle are visible to everyone - both people with color blindness and ordinary people - simulation check)
- color perception table - this is where the test for color blindness comes from
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What is color vision disorder?
Color blindness (color blindness) is an incurable visual pathology. With it, the patient cannot distinguish some colors.
It is associated with medical restrictions and prohibitions regarding the admission to driving of a vehicle for a citizen who is color blind. He becomes a hypothetical source of an emergency situation, since he is unable to correctly distinguish the color markers of the traffic light.
There are many receptors (cones) located in the human retina; they specialize in the perception of three primary colors:
All other colors, tones and shades are the result of mixing these paints. Cones function due to their production of the corresponding pigment. When little or no substances are generated, a person develops disturbances in color perception.
Types of disease
From an ophthalmological point of view, the norm for color perception is trichromatic vision. With such a vision of the surrounding world, the receptors of the eye retina produce in sufficient quantities all the necessary pigments.
When the natural balance is disturbed, a type of color blindness occurs. Among those affected by this disease there are two categories of patients:
- Trichromats weakly perceive one or more colors.
- In dichromats, only two types of cones work, as a result of which they are completely unable to distinguish one of the primary colors.
All types of color blindness:
- protanopia - it is characterized by a deficiency of red pigment, so the patient mistakes this color for brown or dark green;
- deuteranopia, in this case a person does not distinguish the green spectrum and instead sees orange or pink;
- tritanopia, with which the patient does not distinguish the blue-violet part of the palette, it is replaced by green and red;
- monochromacy, with this pathology, a person sees the world in black and white.
Most often, color blindness is diagnosed in children, because in the vast majority of cases it is a hereditary disease. Rarely, pathology is detected after injuries, as well as in middle-aged and elderly patients.
Color blindness is predominantly diagnosed in men - approximately 8% worldwide. Among women, this figure is 0.5%. In most cases, patients cannot see the red part of the spectrum.
For now, color blindness is incurable. In the West, ophthalmologists prescribe colorblind people to wear special glasses; they improve color perception. In Russia, such a practice does not exist.
What the law says
Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 302-N dated April 12, 2011 states that people with color blindness are prohibited from driving vehicles and obtaining a driver's license of all categories (A, B, C, D). This legal act was enshrined in Resolution No. 801-N in December 2014 and came into force on February 16, 2017.
The new law affects only those citizens who want to obtain a driver's license for the first time. If a patient with mild color blindness (trichromacy) has already received a certificate previously, it will not be cancelled.
Traffic signals can be distinguished not only by their color markers, but also by their location (red at the top, yellow in the middle, green at the bottom). But proponents of colorblind bans say different situations happen on highways. For example, in poor light or when the driver is stressed, it can be difficult to assess the location of the signal. Therefore, the color of the traffic light becomes the most important.
The inability to distinguish color signals threatens a tragic outcome not only for the patient himself, but also for all other road users.
After everything written above, it becomes obvious that color blindness and a driver’s license are incompatible concepts. In 2017, the state, through the Russian Ministry of Health, clearly expressed this position.
What threatens a colorblind person if he hides his illness?
Many commercial medical centers in the Russian Federation, which have the right to carry out a driver’s medical examination, in fact sell certificates. For example, on the Internet you can read offers that only require you to order a document. You can receive the certificate delivered to your home upon payment. You won’t even be required to go to a medical facility and undergo a commission. Colorblind people can also obtain a permit document in this way:
- But here you should take into account that for falsifying the results of a medical examination you will face a two-year prison sentence. This is stated in Article No. 327 of the Criminal Code of Russia.
- In addition, when it becomes apparent that a driver's license was issued on the basis of a fraudulent certificate, law enforcement agencies may classify this as fraud. This is indicated by Article No. 159 of the Criminal Code of Russia.
If it turns out that the owner of such a document had previously undergone a medical examination and was found to be color blind, then malicious intent will be proven.
The problem of color blindness and driving licenses has been resolved in 2021. This was expressed in the prohibition for people with color blindness to drive vehicles. However, those patients who received a driver's license earlier can safely use them.
Communities › DRIVE2 and traffic police › Blog › Color blindness
Hello everyone.
During the initial driving test, I was diagnosed with a color vision disorder.
They refused to explain anything. This was revealed in the pictures with numbers. It turns out to be a refusal. In general, I received admission (yes, damn it, money! Why, since I was 18 years old, I can go without a license and go to my favorite future profession without the pleasure?). On the certificate they wrote with glasses. I have nothing against them - I need it. But the question remains - why can’t drivers with color blindness get a license?
Everyone knows that there are red, yellow and green colors of traffic lights, they are all in the order that we have been taught since childhood.
AND THIS IS THE QUESTION - WHEN PASSING THE MEDICAL COMMISSION, CAN THEY BE DENIED TO RENEW THE RIGHT TO DRIVE?
I can see perfectly well, I’m not complaining, but there is a joint - I confuse green with brown, but this is from childhood.
Unfortunately, this is hereditary - passed down from my grandfather on my mother's side. Is there a limit on the degree of colorblindness? They personally didn’t say anything to me at all, they just answered rather rudely. Please tell me what to do next?
Again "on the paw"? Why then are disabled people allowed to drive? As far as I know, people with cerebral palsy drive and nothing happens. There is something similar here.
I just need advice, don’t write nonsense and don’t swear, please. I need answers to specific questions, only useful things are superfluous!
Comments 132
I’ll share my life experience (maybe it will be useful): I’m already in my 20s! I suffer from the same problem (only they called it “color anamaly” Wow!) (ah! yes! and don’t tell anyone about my secret, because I also gave in to the “paw” when I first passed the commission). In any case, then, as far as I know, with such a diagnosis it was impossible to have cat. “C” (I have “ABC”). So, I’ve been driving for quite a long time... and my color anomaly (I also get green and brown colors confused, but not the color scheme of the traffic light!) When the deadline for replacing my license came (10 years) - twenty-five again! He told the doctor that I had the “C” for show (and that’s what it is), she gave me a certificate, I continue to drive and not worry, but I often argue with my wife - she says “green jacket”, and I say “brown”! or vice versa! Last year, a friend changed his license and passed a commission at the same clinic where I did. He is a border guard, that is, he is strict with the commission! No problems were identified there, but then bam! and colorblind! He started a scandal! I took the $ (commission fee) and went to another clinic. and no problem there! In short, I gave it to my paw, I got a certificate - don’t worry about 10 years (for now 10... We live in what country! Tomorrow you’ll see that they’ll come up with HEADS to pass commissions every year)... They live with this, my friend))))
They live and drive cars of any category and do it successfully! And I don’t understand who came up with this restriction only “B”. If a person has 100% vision and sees red, yellow and green perfectly and drives perfectly, why limit him in any way?
To make money once again)
I’ll share my life experience (maybe it will be useful): I’m already in my 20s! I suffer from the same problem (only they called it “color anamaly” Wow!) (ah! yes! and don’t tell anyone about my secret, because I also gave in to the “paw” when I first passed the commission). In any case, then, as far as I know, with such a diagnosis it was impossible to have cat. “C” (I have “ABC”). So, I’ve been driving for quite a long time... and my color anomaly (I also get green and brown colors confused, but not the color scheme of the traffic light!) When the deadline for replacing my license came (10 years) - twenty-five again! He told the doctor that I had the “C” for show (and that’s what it is), she gave me a certificate, I continue to drive and not worry, but I often argue with my wife - she says “green jacket”, and I say “brown”! or vice versa! Last year, a friend changed his license and passed a commission at the same clinic where I did. He is a border guard, that is, he is strict with the commission! No problems were identified there, but then bam! and colorblind! He started a scandal! I took the $ (commission fee) and went to another clinic. and no problem there! In short, I gave it to my paw, I got a certificate - don’t worry about 10 years (for now 10... We live in what country! Tomorrow you’ll see that they’ll come up with HEADS to pass commissions every year)... They live with this, my friend))))
So this is what puts me into a stupor - everything is fine, I’m not complaining, I need glasses - I’m for it! but why the hell did they come up with this crap...
Well, glasses if you don’t have 100% vision. So yes, I checked my eyesight, picked up glasses, and should always wear them while driving. But the colors have nothing to do with it. I asked myself this question back then when something like this was discovered, and it really outraged me. And if I heard at least once some logical explanation, then it would be okay. And so we live and travel and don’t know why they infringe on us. Well, for now I can forget about it (forget it)) until 2021)). And it will be visible there
I didn't hear a logical explanation either. They talked rudely and didn't speak. They started writing something there, etc. He went out and slammed the door. It boiled violently (Mom immediately came in and something happened there. But what’s wrong is okay (how sad it was (
Dear friend, I’ll tell you my story. When I underwent a medical examination at one time, I also found out that I was colorblind. True, this only happened when I was 18 years old. All my adult life I have been distinguished by colors. And then I didn’t see a couple of shades with numbers, I named the rest and that’s it. They wrote “impaired color vision” and admission was only for category “B” (passenger cars), I was upset. Passed it to the traffic police for license B, C (car, truck). Stupidly, no one looked at the certificate during the campaign, and in the end I received a driver’s license B, C. I drove for several years and during this time I had already passed ten medical examinations, of which using new pictures (at the first medical examination they gave me an ancient book with pictures that had been worn out), I saw everything. In general, out of ten times, I “failed” about 2-3 times, but I have a driver’s license and drive without problems. We'll see when it needs to be changed. If I “don’t pass”, then I’ll give it to my paw, depending on how lucky I am, apparently I can’t distinguish literally a couple of combinations of shades, since out of 10 times 7 passed without problems, they showed 5-10 pictures, named everything. I got this problem just like you. From my grandfather on my mother's side. By the way, women do not get this disease, but it can be passed on to children. I completely agree with you that on the road, as was said above, there is no need to distinguish silver from brilliant silver. I can distinguish all colors perfectly even from afar! PS I worked in a body shop for a year doing repairs and painting, and I can easily distinguish bits from an undamaged car. I advised friends several times when buying a car.
I had the same story...
Dear friend, I’ll tell you my story. When I underwent a medical examination at one time, I also found out that I was colorblind. True, this only happened when I was 18 years old. All my adult life I have been distinguished by colors. And then I didn’t see a couple of shades with numbers, I named the rest and that’s it. They wrote “impaired color vision” and admission was only for category “B” (passenger cars), I was upset. Passed it to the traffic police for license B, C (car, truck). Stupidly, no one looked at the certificate during the campaign, and in the end I received a driver’s license B, C. I drove for several years and during this time I had already passed ten medical examinations, of which using new pictures (at the first medical examination they gave me an ancient book with pictures that had been worn out), I saw everything. In general, out of ten times, I “failed” about 2-3 times, but I have a driver’s license and drive without problems. We'll see when it needs to be changed. If I “don’t pass”, then I’ll give it to my paw, depending on how lucky I am, apparently I can’t distinguish literally a couple of combinations of shades, since out of 10 times 7 passed without problems, they showed 5-10 pictures, named everything. I got this problem just like you. From my grandfather on my mother's side. By the way, women do not get this disease, but it can be passed on to children. I completely agree with you that on the road, as was said above, there is no need to distinguish silver from brilliant silver. I can distinguish all colors perfectly even from afar! PS I worked in a body shop for a year doing repairs and painting, and I can easily distinguish bits from an undamaged car. I advised friends several times when buying a car.
The most interesting thing is that I can also notice the tint on the car!)
when I changed my license they didn’t give me color pictures at all) for free)
According to statistics, colorblind people are the least likely to get into accidents due to the traffic light signal not being different. It's complete nonsense, it's unknown where it comes from. There is such a pathology of vision as color anomalies, these people are absolutely prohibited from entering medicine, they cannot distinguish a vein from an artery on a tissue section, this is a problem. And not allowing colorblind people to drive is nonsense. It's a pity that you have to pay for the right...
Colorblindness and the opportunity to obtain a driver's license in Russia in 2021
The procedure for obtaining a driver's license in Russia begins with passing a medical examination. And for those who have contraindications to driving due to health reasons, it ends there. Diseases that have traditionally entailed at least significant limitations on driving include, in particular, color blindness. Therefore, an issue such as color blindness and driving licenses in 2021 deserves detailed consideration.
What vision is required to obtain a license?
Driving vehicles is prohibited for people suffering from:
- color blindness;
- glaucoma;
- pathology of the lacrimal sac;
- splitting of the visible object;
- retinal detachment;
- optic nerve arthrophy
Medical restrictions for admission to driving a vehicle of categories A and B, as well as subcategories A1 and B1 with a motorcycle seat:
- visual acuity should not be less than 0.6 in one eye and 0.2 in the other;
- It is not allowed to drive a car if one eye is blind, if visual acuity is 0.8;
- refractive surgery in the area of the cornea;
- if a person is diagnosed with a chronic disease, which is also accompanied by unfavorable symptoms (changes in the eyelids);
- with a limited field of view of more than twenty degrees;
- if doctors have diagnosed persistent diplopia.
To obtain a driver's license, you need to undergo a full-fledged medical commission, which includes an otolaryngologist, surgeon, neurologist, therapist, relevant tests and, of course, an ophthalmologist.
At the same time, visual acuity should be different for different categories of rights:
- if a person wants to drive a passenger car - that is, he needs a category B license - his visual acuity must be at least 0.2 in the worst eye and 0.6 in the best;
- if he wants to drive a truck - that is, wants to get a category C license - then he will need a visual acuity of no less than 0.8.
If one eye is blind, you can get a license - the main thing is that the second eye can see well. In case of severe diseases of the cornea and retina, with severe strabismus, or with a significant limitation of the field of vision, it will most likely be impossible to obtain a license.
What kind of disease is color blindness?
Color blindness is a deep pathology of vision, manifested in a person’s inability to distinguish between certain colors. This is the reason for the medical contraindications and restrictions associated with allowing a person suffering from such an illness to drive. It is believed that such people are a potential source of emergency hazard due to problems with recognizing traffic light signals.
For their part, opponents of the restrictions argue that those who suffer from myopia have even more problems in this regard, and this category of those wishing to obtain rights has a much greater chance of realizing their intentions.
The structure of the retina of the eye includes receptors responsible for recognizing different colors - green, blue and red (the rest are the result of a mixture of these). The receptors perform this function due to the presence of a special pigment. If it is not produced enough or not at all, problems begin, which results in problems with color discrimination.
Basically, this pathology is congenital and is often transmitted to the child from the mother, who herself may not have such problems. It also happens that color blindness develops as a consequence of injuries and diseases of the eye.
In total, in Russia, according to statistics from the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 8% of men and 0.5% of women suffer from color blindness.
Diagnostics
Color blindness is a hereditary disease. But identifying it at an early age is possible only through careful observation of the child’s behavior. There are certain ways to do this:
- Many parents remember that the child is interested in bright objects and candies, including. Therefore, in order to determine the presence of pathology, you can wrap the treat in wrappers of different colors and track the child’s reaction to them. Children with color blindness, not seeing colors, take everything at random. True, such an experiment will only help to suspect a possible violation, because color blindness has many types and forms.
- Another fairly simple method for determining protanopia is drawing. In the process of creating a children's “masterpiece,” an attentive parent will immediately suspect a problem if the little artist begins to draw, for example, orange grass and a yellow sky. To avoid mistakes, it is better to ask the child to comment on such a strange choice of shades, because perhaps this is just a developed fantasy.
But the most informative way to determine color blindness is specialized children's tests in the ophthalmologist's office. They are colored pictures in which the child needs to recognize the numbers, letters, and certain simple shapes depicted. If the baby has difficulty recognizing color, it is advisable to conduct further extended diagnostics. Diagnostic studies should be carried out no earlier than 3-4 years, when the child is already clearly aware of the differences in shades and can express his thoughts quite coherently.
What does the law establish?
At the beginning of 2012, Order No. 302n of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated April 12, 2011 came into force. It is he who now determines whether color anomaly and a driver's license are compatible in 2021. And it must be said that this document significantly worsened the situation of Russians suffering from color blindness.
Until 2012, they had at least some chance, since the depth of the pathology and the possibility of admission to driving a vehicle in connection with it were determined by an ophthalmologist during an examination. In practice, categories “A” (motorcycles) and “B” (passenger cars) were usually opened for colorblind people without any problems.
Restrictions were practiced only with dichromasia. This type of disease deprived the driver of the opportunity to earn a living in this profession, but did not exclude the possibility of driving a personal car or motorcycle.
Doctors call dichromasia a type of color blindness in which the patient is completely unable to distinguish one of the colors.
Dichromasia and a driver's license in 2021 are completely incompatible, but now those suffering from this type of disease are in an equal position with Russians susceptible to its other forms.
With the entry into force of the said order, the ability to drive vehicles was closed to all driver's license applicants diagnosed with color blindness.
Those who managed to obtain driver's licenses before the order came into effect are in a better position: not only is no one going to deprive them of their rights, but they also do not foresee any problems with their renewal or replacement and passing repeated medical examinations.
As stated in the legislation of the Russian Federation
In European countries, people with this disease can drive freely. Now, you should familiarize yourself with the basic requirements and norms of the legislation of the Russian Federation on obtaining permission to drive a car if you have such a disease.
Many car owners are wondering how realistic it is to get a license in 2021 with such a violation.
This important issue is decided directly by the ophthalmologist, who conducts a thorough diagnosis and makes a diagnosis using high-quality equipment.
In 2012, on the first of January, by order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 302 n dated April 12, 2011, a law came into force on the right to drive a vehicle with such a violation only to persons who had a category A and B driver’s license.
Since 2015, the law on obtaining permission to drive a vehicle if you have this disease has changed in Russia.
From this period, all residents of Russia are prohibited from gaining access to the controls of a car or any vehicle.
However, car owners who received a license before the illness occurred can use a medical certificate. This document specifies permission to drive a car in the event of development of color blindness.
To many, such a sanction seemed to discriminate against society. They believe that drivers suffering from myopia can still obtain a driver's license, and colorblind people have been given the only and final condition. On February 16, 2020, the law officially came into force.
How future drivers' vision is tested
Tests for color blindness are an integral part of the medical examination of the future driver in the ophthalmologist's office. To diagnose color blindness, special color tables are used. Depending on what the patient sees on them and whether he sees any meaningful images at all (usually numbers and figures), the ophthalmologist draws conclusions about the presence or absence of the named pathology. As a rule, 27 such tables are used.
What is important for the future driver to know is that there are some strict requirements for the procedure for such testing:
- during the procedure, the window should be located behind the patient’s back;
- tables should be placed strictly at eye level at a distance of one meter from the patient;
- The doctor should show each table for 5-7 seconds;
- testing is carried out only in natural light;
- It is unacceptable to carry out procedures if the patient has a temperature above normal or has other symptoms of certain diseases.
If any of these requirements are violated, the future driver has the right to challenge the diagnosis, which in 2021 actually sounds like a sentence.
Cost of the procedure
If a medical examination of a future driver is carried out at a municipal clinic, he does not have to pay anything; having a compulsory medical insurance policy is sufficient. In paid clinics, the total cost of a driver’s license automatically includes all procedures required by law, and you do not have to pay extra for anything.
If desired, the color blindness test can be taken separately - before applying to a medical institution for a driver’s certificate. Depending on the region and the pricing policy of a particular medical center, this service will cost on average from 0.5 thousand to 2 thousand rubles.
Test cost
An ophthalmologist checks for correct color vision. To ensure that side effects do not interfere with the successful completion of the test, experts recommend:
- come to the examination in good health;
- start testing in a relaxed state;
- a driver's license test with an ophthalmologist is more likely to give a positive result if the most favorable conditions are created for the subject:
- the room must have proper lighting;
- the picture is placed at eye level;
- the tables are approximately 1 meter away from the organs of vision;
- There is no need to rush into answers. You should use all the time allocated for testing.
Today on the Internet you can find more than one online color vision test for drivers. They will allow you to determine whether you are colorblind and to know in advance your prospects for obtaining a driver's license.
Sometimes it happens that a person learns about vision deviations from the norm only during an examination by an ophthalmologist. If the presence of color blindness is established, the diagnosis will need to be clarified and the type of illness determined using additional tables.
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To obtain a driver's license, you must pass a medical commission, where an ophthalmologist is required to be among the doctors. This specialist is required to examine three areas of the human eye: visual acuity, level of color perception and viewing angle.
Each factor can influence the conclusion issued in its own way. A person with visual impairments is allowed to drive vehicles under certain conditions.
The viewing angle should not be reduced by more than 20%. But with regard to the perception of colors, the issue has been resolved categorically. Colorblind people are not allowed to drive vehicles.
What it is
Color blindness (or otherwise color blindness) is the inability of the human eye to perceive one or more colors.
Most often, the disease is congenital, but it can also be acquired, for example, after an injury or taking a certain drug.
The term “color blindness” was first introduced in 1974. The disease got its name from the author of a small book (John Dalton), who lived with color vision impairment for 26 years and described his condition in detail in the work.
Subsequently, based on the ongoing research, modern names for the pathology were introduced, which depend on the number of perceived colors and identifying which particular shade is not determined by the eye.
Certain cells called cones are responsible for the perception of color in the human eye. If one of the cones is missing, then a person cannot perceive a certain color.
Among people with color blindness, people are distinguished:
- trichromats with reduced perception of one color;
- dichromats (only two flasks function and are not capable of perceiving a large number of colors and shades). Depending on the unrecognizable color, the following are distinguished: protanomaly (shades of red color are not detected);
- deuteranomaly (relates to disturbances in the perception of the color green);
- tritanomaly (impaired blue color perception);
In most cases, color blindness is detected at an early age, since it is predominantly a hereditary disease, depending on the set of transmitted chromosomes.
However, there are situations when the disease is detected in middle-aged or elderly people.
Color blindness, according to statistics, predominantly affects the male half of humanity (about 8% of men and 0.5% of women), and in most cases people are not able to distinguish shades of red.
Currently, color blindness cannot be cured, but in foreign countries special glasses have been invented that help people improve color perception. There is currently no such practice in our state.
The Order (No. 302n dated 04/12/11) issued by the Ministry of Health states that people suffering from color blindness cannot drive vehicles of any category.
This conclusion was put into effect in December 2021 (Order No. 801n) and came into force on February 16, 2018.
However, this innovation only applies to people who want to get a driver's license for the first time.
If a person with slight deviations in color perception received a license earlier, then color blindness is not a basis for declaring him unfit to drive.
A medical certificate for a driver's license in 2021 is issued for one or several categories of vehicles at once.
According to the requirements of an ophthalmologist, motor vehicles cannot be driven if a person has:
- color blindness;
- glaucoma;
- pathology of the lacrimal sac;
- splitting of visible objects;
- retinal detachment;
- optic nerve atrophy;
- less than 3 months have passed since the operation performed to improve vision;
- visual acuity impairments were detected;
- there was a narrowing of the perception of the world by more than 20%.
For categories A-BE:
- visual acuity not lower than 0.6 and 0.2 units for different eyes;
- diopters of glasses or lenses are less than 8 units, and the difference between the eyes is less than 3 units;
- absence of one eye (blindness) with visual acuity of the second not lower than 0.8 units.
For the remaining categories, starting from C, 1 point changes to 0.8 and 0.4 units, respectively. Points 2 and 3 remain unchanged.
You can take a test to identify deviations in the perception of colors:
- at an appointment with an ophthalmologist;
- online.
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To obtain correct results during the examination, it is recommended:
- be examined only if you are feeling normally. If a person has a fever, headache or other problems, it is advisable to postpone the examination until all interfering factors are eliminated;
- Before taking the test, you need to completely relax. Internal tension can lead to distortion of color perception;
- For proper examination, the image in question must be at eye level. Moving the image higher or lower may result in distortion. Also, in the specialist’s office there should be sufficient lighting (preferably daylight, and the person being examined should sit with his back to the light source);
If the color blindness test is taken online, then the correct reflection of colors may depend on the monitor matrix.
- It is not recommended to give instant answers. 10 seconds are allotted for viewing each image;
- tables should be located from the eyes at a distance of 65 - 100 cm (arm's length distance).
When passing a medical examination, a person looks at the picture with both eyes at the same time (this is done in order to save time during the examination).
If an examination is performed by a specialist for the purpose of a detailed study, then the pictures are viewed first with one eye and then with the other.
The test for color blindness is most often carried out using Rabkin tables. The tables of Felhagen, Fletcher, and so on can also be used.
Each picture depicts geometric figures or numbers, and the identifier is not written in clear lines, but by simply highlighting circles in a different color.
For example, a person with normal vision will see the number “136” in the picture below. People with color blindness may see “66”, “68” or “69” because the images merge into the pictures.
In addition to pictures, testing for color blindness can be carried out using anomaloscopes. The device is capable of identifying color vision disorders based on the composition of various colors and shades for the study.
When passing the driver's commission, equipment is used extremely rarely. Mainly used to conduct more detailed research.
Test cost
In a district clinic, a color blindness test can be performed absolutely free if you have a medical insurance policy. You can also conduct research yourself, online, without paying.
Anyone can come to a paid appointment with an ophthalmologist. The cost of the examination, in this case, depends on the qualifications of the clinic and the individual specialist. Currently, an examination by an ophthalmologist costs from 500 to 2,000 rubles.
When passing a driver's commission, the cost of an examination by an ophthalmologist is included in the total price of the commission.
To undergo a medical examination again, you will need a conclusion from a local specialist.
If color blindness is detected, it is not possible to undergo an official medical examination to obtain a driver's license, since this disease is a contraindication to driving vehicles.
Many people suffering from slight deviations in the perception of colors try to obtain a medical certificate in roundabout ways (most often just by buying a document). Such an action is fraud and is punishable in accordance with the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
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Forgery of documents is punishable under Article 327 of the Criminal Code:
- if a person is involved in the production and/or distribution of counterfeit documents, he may be imprisoned for a maximum of 2 years;
- if a person uses a fake document and he knows about it, then he may be subject to penalties in a maximum amount of 80,000 rubles or the culprit may be imprisoned for 6 months.
The determination of punishment is carried out by the judicial authorities, which are based on the results of the investigation conducted by law enforcement agencies and the evidence provided by the parties.
Based on all of the above, one conclusion can be drawn - color blindness and a driver’s license in the Russian Federation are incompatible.
The situation is somewhat different in Western countries. There, people suffering from this disease have the right to drive vehicles.
For the convenience of recognizing traffic light signals, various forms of these devices have been invented: red lights up in a triangle, yellow in a circle, and green in a square.
Attention!
- Due to frequent changes in legislation, information sometimes becomes outdated faster than we can update it on the website.
- All cases are very individual and depend on many factors. Basic information does not guarantee a solution to your specific problems.
Different categories of colorblind people
Doctors distinguish three types of color blindness, depending on which colors the patient has problems with:
- Deuteranopia is the patient's inability to perceive the color green. Instead, such patients see orange and pink. Of course, when it comes to traffic signals, they can be recognized by their location. However, supporters of restrictions for this category of patients insist that there are different situations on the road: in low light or in a stressful situation, it can be difficult to assess the location of the signal, and its color becomes key. Confusing color signals is fraught with dangerous consequences not only for the colorblind person himself, but also for other road users. However, until 2012, deuteranopia and a driver’s license were considered quite compatible.
- Protanopia is the inability to see the color red. The patient perceives it as dark green or brown. The inability to distinguish red from green, that is, the main traffic lights, has become a decisive argument in favor of those who argue that protanopia and a driver’s license are a dangerous combination, to say the least.
- Dichromasia, as mentioned above, is a complete inability to distinguish one of the colors. This is the most severe form of colorblindness, which included restrictions even before 2012, when the approach to issuing colorblind driver’s licenses was more liberal.
After all that has been said, the answer to the question of whether colorblind people can get a driver’s license, alas, is obvious: they do not have a legal opportunity to do this. The question of how justified and fair this state of affairs is remains, of course, debatable. However, as of 2021, the state, represented by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, which issued the order mentioned above, has clearly outlined its position on this issue, and there are no plans to revise it.
Meanwhile, in many foreign countries the question of whether colorblind people are given a driver’s license has a radically opposite answer. In particular, in a number of European countries, the inability to distinguish colors is not considered at all a contraindication for allowing a person to drive a vehicle. So Russians suffering from color blindness have a theoretical opportunity to circumvent this limitation. The legislation of the Russian Federation allows its citizens to enjoy foreign rights, including in Russia. Problems can only arise when exchanging them for Russian ones, since this will require passing a medical examination.
However, nothing is constant in the world, and it is possible that the approach to whether a color-blind person can obtain a driver’s license will undergo changes in Russia.
It would not be superfluous to say that color blindness is not the only diagnosis that deprives a Russian of the opportunity to become the holder of a driver’s license.
Chapter 7. Diseases of the eye and its auxiliary organs
| Disease schedule article | Name of diseases, degree of dysfunction | Category of suitability for military service | ||
| I Count | II Count | III Count | ||
| 29 | Diseases, outcomes of injuries and burns of the eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal ducts, orbits: | |||
| a) pronounced anatomical changes or deficiencies in the position of the eyelids, orbit or conjunctiva with significant impairment of visual or motor functions in both eyes | D | D | D | |
| b) the same in one eye or moderately expressed in both eyes, as well as pronounced diseases of the eyelids, lacrimal ducts, orbit, conjunctiva in one or both eyes | IN | IN | B (V - IND) | |
| c) minor anatomical changes or deficiencies in the position of the eyelids, orbit or conjunctiva, as well as moderate or mild diseases of the eyelids, lacrimal ducts, orbit, conjunctiva in one or both eyes | B-3 | B | A | |
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The article covers congenital and acquired anatomical changes or deficiencies in the position of the eyelids, diseases of the eyelids, lacrimal ducts, orbit or conjunctiva. A conclusion on suitability for military service, service in the Armed Forces, branch of the military, or service in a military specialty is made depending on the severity of anatomical changes, the severity of the disease, treatment results and eye functions.
Point “a” includes:
- fusion of the eyelids between each other or the eyeball, if they significantly limit eye movements or interfere with vision;
- turning of the eyelids or growth of eyelashes towards the eyeball, causing irritation of the eye;
- eversion, cicatricial deformation or imperfections in the position of the eyelids (except ptosis) that prevent the closure of the cornea;
- persistent lagophthalmos.
Point “b” includes:
- pronounced ulcerative blepharitis with cicatricial degeneration and baldness of the edges of the eyelids;
- chronic conjunctivitis with hypertrophy and pronounced infiltration of submucosal tissue with frequent (at least 2 times a year) exacerbations with unsuccessful treatment in a hospital setting;
- chronic trachomatous lesions of the conjunctiva;
- diseases of the lacrimal ducts and relapses of the pterygoid hymen with progressive impairment of eye function that cannot be cured after repeated surgical treatment in an inpatient setting;
- ptosis of a congenital or acquired nature, in which the upper eyelid, in the absence of tension of the frontal muscle, covers more than half the pupil in one eye or more than one third of the pupil in both eyes;
- conditions after reconstructive operations on the lacrimal ducts with the introduction of lacoprosthesis.
Simple blepharitis with isolated scales and slight hyperemia of the edges of the eyelids, follicular conjunctivitis with single follicles, velvety conjunctiva in the corners of the eyelids and in the area of the conjunctival fornix, isolated small superficial scars of the conjunctiva of non-trachomatous origin, as well as smooth scars of the conjunctiva of trachomatous origin without other changes in the conjunctiva, horn sheep and without recurrence of the trachomatous process within a year, false and true pterygoid hymen without progression phenomena are not the basis for the application of this article and do not interfere with military service or admission to military educational institutions.
In case of spring catarrh and other allergic lesions of the conjunctiva, depending on the severity, severity of the disease, frequency of exacerbations and the effectiveness of the treatment, the examination is carried out under point “b” or “c”.
In case of consequences of trachoma with persistent impairment of eye functions, a conclusion is made according to the relevant articles of the schedule of diseases that provide for these impairments.
| Disease schedule article | Name of diseases, degree of dysfunction | Category of suitability for military service | ||
| I Count | II Count | III Count | ||
| 30 | Diseases, outcomes of injuries and burns of the sclera, cornea, iris, ciliary body, lens, vitreous body, choroid, retina, optic nerve: | |||
| a) pronounced with a progressive decrease in visual function or frequent exacerbations in both eyes | D | D | D | |
| b) the same in one eye or moderately expressed in both eyes | IN | IN | B (V - IND) | |
| c) moderately severe, non-progressive with rare exacerbations in one eye | B-3 | B | B | |
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The article provides for chronic, difficult to treat or incurable diseases and outcomes of injuries and burns.
In cases with a completed process or a non-progressive course with rare exacerbations (less than 2 times a year), as well as after tissue transplantation, the category of fitness for military service of persons examined under columns I, II, III of the disease schedule is determined depending on the functions of the eye according to the relevant articles of the disease schedule.
In the presence of neoplasms of the eye and its appendages, depending on their nature, the examination is carried out according to articles 8 or 10 of the disease schedule. Benign neoplasms that do not impair the functions of the eye do not interfere with military service or enrollment in military educational institutions.
Point “a” includes:
- diseases with progressive decline in visual function and not amenable to conservative or surgical treatment;
- conditions after keratoprosthesis in one or both eyes;
- taperetinal abiotrophies regardless of eye functions.
Pigmented degeneration of the retina with or without pigment in combination with dark adaptation disorder (hemeralopia) should be confirmed by performing two-hour adaptometry using control methods for studying twilight vision.
The conclusion for all columns of the disease schedule is made with a persistent narrowing of the field of view from below and outside (along the vertical and horizontal meridians) from the point of fixation to the level:
- less than 30 degrees in both eyes - according to point “a”, in one eye - according to point “b”;
- from 30 to 45 degrees in both eyes - according to point “b”, in one eye - according to point “c”.
Point “b” includes:
- chronic uveitis and uveopathies, diagnosed in a hospital setting and accompanied by increased intraocular pressure, keratoglobus and keratoconus;
- aphakia, pseudophakia in one or both eyes;
- the presence of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the fundus (marginal retinal degeneration, multiple chorioretinal lesions, posterior staphyloma, etc.) with a progressive decrease in the visual functions of the eye;
- a foreign body inside the eye that does not cause inflammatory or dystrophic changes.
In all cases, in the presence of intraocular foreign bodies, the question of the category of fitness for military service of officers, warrant officers and midshipmen is decided no earlier than 3 months after injury. With good eye functions, absence of inflammatory phenomena and signs of metallosis, these military personnel are fit for military service with minor restrictions.
In case of optic nerve atrophy, the category of fitness for military service is determined depending on the functions of the eye.
Citizens upon conscription for military service (military training), citizens who are not undergoing military service and entering military service under a contract, citizens who are not undergoing military service and entering military educational institutions, who have undergone optical reconstructive operations on the cornea or sclera, under Article 36 sickness records are considered temporarily unfit for military service if less than 6 months have passed since the operation. (as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated October 1, 2014 N 1005)
After optical-reconstructive operations on the cornea or sclera, the category of fitness for military service of citizens is determined according to the relevant articles of the schedule of diseases depending on the state of the functions of the eye and the degree of ametropia documented (taking into account the results of ultrasound biometry of the eyeballs) before the operation, with the exception of cases of optical-reconstructive operations on the cornea or sclera (laser keratomileusis and analogues, superficial flapless keratectomy and analogues, refractive keratotomy, etc.) for documented (taking into account the results of ultrasound biometry of the eyeballs) myopia up to 6.0 diopters inclusive, for which fitness for military service is determined no earlier than 6 months after surgery, depending on the state of visual functions at the time of examination, in the absence of postoperative complications and degenerative changes in the cornea and fundus. (as amended by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated October 1, 2014 N 1005)
For persons with chorioretinal degenerations, retinal tears without detachment, including those who have undergone laser coagulation of the retina, a conclusion on the category of fitness for military service is made based on visual functions at the time of examination under Article 35 of the schedule of diseases.
In case of aphakia, pseudophakia in one or both eyes in relation to officers, warrant officers and midshipmen, the category of fitness for military service is determined according to Article 35 of the schedule of diseases depending on visual acuity with practically tolerable correction. Luxation and subluxation of the lens are assessed as aphakia. Aphakia in one eye is assessed as bilateral if there is clouding of the lens in the second eye, reducing visual acuity of that eye to 0.4 or lower.
The so-called color iridescence, iridescence, lumps, grains and vacuoles of the lens, detected only during slit-lamp examination, as well as congenital deposition of pigment on the anterior capsule of the lens, which does not reduce visual acuity, are not grounds for the application of this article and do not interfere with military service and admission to military educational institutions. In case of persistent absolute central and paracentral scotomas in one or both eyes, the category of fitness for military service of persons examined under columns I, II, III of the schedule of diseases is determined depending on the state of the functions of the eye according to the corresponding articles of the schedule of diseases.
Persons with parenchymal keratitis of syphilitic origin are examined under paragraph “b” of Article 6 of the schedule of diseases.
| Disease schedule article | Name of diseases, degree of dysfunction | Category of suitability for military service | ||
| I Count | II Count | III Count | ||
| 31 | Retinal disinsertion: | |||
| a) non-traumatic etiology in both eyes | D | D | D | |
| b) post-traumatic etiology in both eyes | IN | IN | B (V - IND) | |
| c) any etiology in one eye | IN | IN | B | |
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Point “a” also includes cases of unsuccessful repeated surgical treatment of post-traumatic retinal detachment in both eyes with a progressive decrease in eye function.
Officers, warrant officers and midshipmen who have suffered retinal detachment of traumatic etiology in both eyes can be considered fit for military service with minor restrictions by individual assessment, provided they maintain good eye function.
| Disease schedule article | Name of diseases, degree of dysfunction | Category of suitability for military service | ||
| I Count | II Count | III Count | ||
| 32 | Glaucoma: | |||
| a) in the developed and subsequent stages in both eyes | D | D | D | |
| b) the same on one eye | IN | IN | B (V - IND) | |
| c) in the initial stage, in the stage of preglaucoma of one or both eyes | IN | IN | B | |
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The presence of glaucoma must be confirmed in a hospital setting using stress tests and computer perimetry. The category of fitness for military service is determined after treatment (medical or surgical) taking into account the degree of stabilization of the process and functions of the eye (visual acuity, visual field, the presence of paracentral scotomas, including during stress tests), as well as the severity of excavation of the optic nerve head, etc.) .
Persons with secondary glaucoma are also examined under this article.
| Disease schedule article | Name of diseases, degree of dysfunction | Category of suitability for military service | ||
| I Count | II Count | III Count | ||
| 33 | Diseases of the eye muscles, disorders of conjugate eye movement: | |||
| a) persistent paralysis of the motor muscles of the eyeball in the presence of diplopia | IN | IN | B (V - IND) | |
| b) the same in the absence of diplopia, concomitant strabismus in the absence of binocular vision | B-4 | B | A | |
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Point “a” also includes persistent diplopia after an orbital injury with damage to the eye muscles. If diplopia is a consequence of any disease, then the examination is carried out according to the underlying disease.
If the examined persons have double vision only with extreme abduction of the eyeballs to the sides and upwards, the examination is carried out according to point “b”, and when looking down - according to point “a”.
Point “b” also includes a clearly expressed rocking spasm of the muscles of the eyeball.
If nystagmus is one of the signs of damage to the nervous system or vestibular apparatus, an examination is carried out for the underlying disease. Nystagmoid eye twitching with extreme abduction of the eyeballs is not an obstacle to military service or enrollment in military educational institutions.
For concomitant strabismus of less than 15 degrees, the diagnosis should be confirmed by testing binocular vision. The presence of binocular vision is the basis for excluding concomitant strabismus.
In case of alternating strabismus with good vision in both eyes, one should refrain from surgical treatment due to the possibility of diplopia.
In case of concomitant strabismus, paralytic strabismus without diplopia and other disorders of binocular vision, the category of fitness for military service is determined depending on the functions of the eye according to the relevant articles of the schedule of diseases.
| Disease schedule article | Name of diseases, degree of dysfunction | Category of suitability for military service | ||
| I Count | II Count | III Count | ||
| 34 | Refractive errors and accommodation: | |||
| a) myopia or farsightedness in any eye in one of the meridians more than 12.0 diopters or astigmatism of any kind in any eye with a refractive difference in the two main meridians more than 6.0 diopters | D | D | D | |
| b) myopia or farsightedness in any eye in one of the meridians more than 8.0 diopters and up to 12.0 diopters or astigmatism of any kind in any eye with a difference in refraction in the two main meridians more than 4.0 diopters and up to 6.0 diopters | IN | IN | B (V - IND) | |
| c) myopia of any eye on one of the meridians is more than 6.0 diopters and up to 8.0 diopters | IN | IN | B | |
| d) myopia of any eye on one of the meridians more than 3.0 diopters and up to 6.0 diopters, farsightedness of any eye on one of the meridians more than 6.0 diopters and up to 8.0 diopters, or astigmatism of any kind in any eye with a refractive error difference of two main meridians more than 2.0 diopters and up to 4.0 diopters | B-3 | B | A | |
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The type and degree of refractive error are determined using skiascopy or refractometry in a state of cycloplegia.
If, for the refractive errors specified in this article, an individual assessment of suitability for military service is provided in Column III of the schedule of diseases, visual acuity is given decisive importance.
In case of persistent spasm, paresis or paralysis of accommodation, an examination is carried out with the participation of a neurologist, a general practitioner and, if necessary, doctors of other specialties. If persistent spasm, paresis or paralysis of accommodation is caused by diseases of the nervous system or internal organs, an examination is carried out based on the underlying disease.
Spasm of accommodation is a functional disorder in which the refraction detected during cycloplegia is weaker than the power of the optimal negative corrective lens before cycloplegia.
In case of spasm or paresis of accommodation in one or both eyes after unsuccessful treatment in a hospital setting, the category of fitness for military service is determined according to Article 34 or 35 of the schedule of diseases, depending on corrected visual acuity and the degree of ametropia, returning to the previous level after repeated cycloplegia.
In case of persistent paralysis of accommodation in one eye, the category of fitness for military service is determined depending on the functions of the eye.
| Disease schedule article | Name of diseases, degree of dysfunction | Category of suitability for military service | ||
| I Count | II Count | III Count | ||
| 35 | Blindness, low vision, color vision abnormalities: | D | D | D |
| a) visual acuity of one eye is 0.09 or lower, or blindness if the visual acuity of the other eye is 0.3 or lower, as well as the absence of an eyeball if the visual acuity of the other eye is 0.3 or lower, or the visual acuity of both eyes is 0.2 or lower | ||||
| b) visual acuity of one eye is 0.09 or lower, or its blindness if the visual acuity of the other eye is 0.4 or higher, as well as the absence of an eyeball if the visual acuity of the other eye is 0.4 or higher, or the visual acuity of one eye is 0.3 if visual acuity is vision of the other eye from 0.3 to 0.1 | IN | IN | B (V - IND) | |
| c) visual acuity of one eye is 0.4 with visual acuity of the other eye from 0.3 to 0.1 | IN | IN | B | |
| d) dichromasia, color weakness III - II degree | B-2 | B | A | |
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The visual acuity of each eye is taken into account with correction by any glasses, including combined glasses, as well as contact lenses (in case of good (at least 20 hours) tolerance, absence of diplopia, eye irritation), and for officers and warrant officers - with intraocular lenses. Persons who use contact lenses must have regular glasses, the visual acuity of which does not interfere with military service.
Visual acuity, which does not interfere with military service for persons examined under columns I and II of the disease schedule, for distance with correction must be no lower than 0.5 in one eye and 0.1 in the other eye or no lower than 0.4 in each eye. In doubtful cases, visual acuity is determined using control research methods.
When corrected with conventional spherical glasses, as well as with uncorrected anisometropia in persons examined according to all columns of the disease schedule, visual acuity with practically tolerable binocular correction is taken into account, that is, with a difference in glass strength for both eyes of no more than 2.0 diopters. Correction of astigmatism of any kind should be carried out using cylindrical or combined glasses completely along all meridians.
For persons entering military educational institutions, corrected visual acuity is determined only in the presence of myopia, simple or complex myopic astigmatism, and for other reasons for decreased visual acuity (including farsightedness, farsightedness or mixed astigmatism) - without correction.
To diagnose the forms and degrees of decrease in color perception, threshold tables are used to study color vision.
| Disease schedule article | Name of diseases, degree of dysfunction | Category of suitability for military service | ||
| I Count | II Count | III Count | ||
| 36 | Temporary functional disorders of the visual organ after an acute illness, exacerbation of a chronic disease, injury or surgical treatment | G | G | G |
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What happens if you hide your illness?
It's no secret that many paid medical centers in Russia that offer a driver's medical examination service actually simply sell certificates. For example, in Moscow you can find offers whose essence is that the patient is only required to order a certificate and receive it in exchange for money with home delivery - without visiting the clinic and undergoing a medical examination.
Naturally, the opportunity to obtain the coveted document in this way also opens up for the colorblind. However, one must understand that falsifying the results of a medical examination is punishable by up to two years in prison (Article 327 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).
In addition, if it turns out that the rights were obtained on the basis of a forged certificate, the investigation may see signs of fraud in this (Article 159 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). And if it also turns out that the holder of such a certificate had previously undergone a medical examination and was diagnosed with color blindness, the fact of malicious intent can be considered proven.
Nothing good awaits the law for those who use false rights. If a counterfeit is detected, it will result in a fine of up to 80 thousand rubles.
Causes of protanopia
Protanopia is a genetically determined anomaly, like almost all forms of color blindness. Its peculiarity is that the pathology is transmitted only to men, although women can also be carriers of the altered gene. This is explained by the fact that the pathology is encoded in the X chromosome, the only one in the male body and for this reason irreplaceable.
In some cases, the cause of color vision impairment is the impact of external factors on the body. Thus, protanopia can develop during the maturation of cataracts. Moreover, in the last stages of the disease, a person may lose the ability to distinguish colors completely.
In addition, the occurrence of color vision anomalies is possible when the body is poisoned by toxins of chemical compounds. As a rule, these are some long-term medications. Trauma to the eye can also lead to protanopia.
True, acquired visual anomalies are in many cases curable. For example, if you stop taking the medications that caused the problem, your vision will gradually recover.
