Development of peripheral vision for the formation of reading competence. article on reading (grade 3)

Normal peripheral vision

Interestingly, women have much better developed vision than men. Peripheral vision is responsible for lateral perception of objects. This helps to navigate in space. This category is responsible for the ability to view objects in the dark. This type of vision is also called lateral vision.

The review is low resolution. Therefore, it becomes possible to capture only black and white shades. Women have a more developed ability to do this. Therefore, women distinguish side objects much better.

A certain area of ​​the retina is responsible for this perception. Performs a very important function - it is responsible for coordinating a person in the environment, allowing one to navigate in space in the dark. In normal condition, it allows you to examine objects located on the sides from direct view.

Normal lateral visual acuity has the following features:

• side view is less than central;
• does not correspond to congenital sizes in all cases;
• training is performed using special exercises;
• For some professions the norm is mandatory.

In order to control this indicator, a person should visit an ophthalmologist 1-2 times a year. Violations may be accompanied by the development of pathological processes. The examination will require special diagnostics using the perimeter. This device is intended for diagnosing ophthalmological diseases and brain conditions. After this, the doctor has the opportunity to prescribe drug therapy.

If peripheral vision disappears with normal visual acuity, the person is unable to move independently. When walking, a person will trip over various objects and will not be able to see them if they are large.

An interesting fact is that men have well-developed central vision, while women have peripheral vision. In ancient times, this was influenced by the type of activity. Men were hunting, so they needed to focus their vision on a specific object. Gradually, these indicators acquired a genetic form.

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Training on texts

Also try to use your peripheral vision (peripheral) when reading normally. At first you can take in, for example, 2 or 3 words, but then there will be more. And after some time you will be able to read entire lines, especially if they are small.

Also, some people have learned to read 2 or more lines at once or even entire paragraphs and pages. I was able to read in paragraphs and at one time even in short pages, but my eyes still moved across the page from top to bottom.

Now, for example, read this text line by line, looking strictly at the center of each line:

Just two words per line are easy to read and very fast. Interesting exercise. And the main thing is simple.

The text above is easy to read, the eyes do not move along the line, now let’s take a more difficult example (also read, looking strictly at the center of the line):

This text is more complex and also easy to read; the lines have become longer. The longer the line, the more difficult it is to read while looking at the center of the line. However, you are already training and making your first progress!

Still easy to read, but may be difficult. With a little practice it becomes easy.

Now try to read the same text, but a little wider (also read while looking strictly at the center of the line):

This text is more complex and also easy to read, although the lines have become longer. The longer the line, the more difficult it is to read while looking strictly at the center of the line. However, you are already training and making your first progress!

Yes, you already know this text and therefore it is easier for you to practice reading it, which is very good! Because this makes it easier for you to train your peripheral vision, try reading already known and completely new texts this way, alternate them, experiment!

Now read another text, from approximately the same long line:

This text is even more difficult than the previous one, but you are already a little trained, which helps you read this text with ease. This is exactly how you need to train, gradually, step by step, increasing the width of the line! Your skill just got better!

Most likely, even from such a small training you have already started the process, and reading such texts line by line has become easier!

Try reading the same text, only this time the line will be even longer (look strictly at the center of the line):

This text is even more difficult than the previous one, but you are already a little trained, which helps you read this text with ease. This is exactly how you need to train, gradually, step by step, increasing the width of the line! You are wonderful and your skill has become even better!

Thus, by increasing the line width you can develop excellent peripheral vision !

For this, it is very convenient to change the width of the browser window (if the site adapts to small mobile screens) or simply paste the text into a regular notepad on the computer, put in a font convenient for you, screen width and read.

Now try to completely take in this square with your gaze, looking at the very center of it:

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How to identify violations

The main function of this category of review is to provide coordination and orientation in space. Factors that influence disorders: injuries to the visual organs, diseases of the brain and blood vessels. This may cause damage to one or both eyes. It all depends on the degree and nature of the lesion.

Problems with such vision in most cases arise against the background of ophthalmological diseases. These include: glaucoma, increased intraocular pressure. This can cause damage to the optic nerve. Initially, minor prolapses are diagnosed in the periphery. If there is no drug therapy, then a narrowing of the field view is observed. This process is irreversible. Advanced and severe stages lead to atrophy of lateral vision.

The causes of mechanical damage to the cornea are hidden in the influence of such factors: a rapid increase or decrease in pressure, excessive stress, systematic diseases, head injuries and bruises. The presence of defects can cause damage to the optic nerves. Against this background, a violation of lateral vision develops. Therefore, if suspicious symptoms develop, you should consult a doctor. Otherwise, the consequences may be irreversible.

If local blood circulation in the organs of vision and brain is disrupted, such a pathology can occur. The presence of neoplasms of various types also negatively affects lateral vision. Brain injuries can negatively affect your vision. In most cases, such defects have a favorable prognosis if you consult a doctor in a timely manner. If there is a lack of lateral visibility, the person will not be able to lead a normal lifestyle. Age-related changes do not have a significant effect.

How to choose binoculars

The basic rule: the selection of optics should start with the lowest magnification.

Three steps to pick:

Step 1

Select the smallest magnification you need.

By choosing the lowest magnification, you will expand the field of view and it will be easier to work with optics.

Step 2

Determine the working distance.

It is necessary to take a comfortable position for working with optics, while paying attention to correct posture. Then you need to measure the distance from your eyes to the working surface.

Step 3

Choose how to mount your magnifying glass: frame or helmet, depending on your individual preferences.

At Axioma-Dent you can buy binocular magnifiers of various types and modifications. To order optics and purchase them, the following information will be required:

1. Working distance (distance to the prepared area).
2. Interpupillary distance
3. Diopter prescription

You can accurately measure the interpupillary distance and obtain a diopter prescription only from a specialist. When a specialist determines the interpupillary distance, it is necessary to provide data on the individual working distance.

Treatment of disorders

There is no specific drug therapy in this case. It is impossible to cure peripheral vision because the impairment is not a separate disease. They appear as symptoms of certain pathological processes. Therefore, before treatment, the doctor must conduct a full examination.

Taking into account the causes of such disorders, the possibility of therapeutic treatment is determined. It is usually medicated. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary. To achieve a successful result, it is necessary to determine and treat the cause of such symptoms.

It is forbidden to take medications on your own and increase their dosage to achieve a more effective result.

Traditional medicine in this case has no contraindications. But before using them, you will need to consult a doctor. It is important to consider that many herbs are strong allergens. Most folk remedies are based on just such components.

Therefore, before using such therapy, the presence of an allergic reaction should be excluded.

Side vision training is considered useful. They are recommended for patients of all ages. Through exercises, you can strengthen your lateral vision. They are the prevention of violations.

Peripheral vision training

It is useful to develop such vision by performing special exercises. They are designed to prevent disorders and strengthen the visual organs. Such exercises will be useful for brain function. They contribute to the development of its functionality and support the activity of thinking for a long time.

It is definitely recommended to perform for patients who have the following professions:

• truck drivers;
• professional athletes;
• military;
• teachers and educators;
• policemen.

It is also useful to practice for people whose work activities involve computers. The exercises are very simple and do not require much time. But it is important to take into account that in order to achieve an effective result, training must be carried out constantly.

Exercises:

• Initially, you need to fix your gaze on the object that should lie in front of the person. Then you need to try to look at objects on the sides and not move your pupils.
• You can select a specific object that is located on the wall. It should be at a distance of about 3 m. Then you need to take two pencils or felt-tip pens, stretch them out in front of your eyes and begin to slowly move them apart. When the pencils move apart, you need to focus your gaze on the wall object.
• For this exercise you will need pictures with large letters or numbers. It doesn't matter what symbols are shown in the pictures. A person should sit on a chair and place such images in front of him. They must be in side view so that they can be distinguished. Slowly you need to move them to the sides so that the viewing circle increases.
• The workout is suitable for office workers, teachers, doctors and other professionals. To carry it out, a person must go to the window. Then select a specific object and look at it. Without moving the pupils, you should indicate objects that are located next to the selected object. This workout can be done at home or at work.
• This exercise will require a book, newspaper or magazine. A person must choose a specific word and focus his gaze on it. Then you need to voice the words that are located next to this word. The pupils should not move.

Such training is beneficial for every person. They do not require money or a lot of time. This is a significant advantage. In order for the lateral view to perform its function without disruption, such exercises should be performed every day. This will help strengthen your peripheral vision. Preventive measures will help reduce the risk of injuries, pathological processes, and severe complications.

Operating parameters of medical optics

Working distance

This parameter depends on the height and type of work performed by the doctor; the average working distance from the eyes to the subject of study is usually 30–45 cm. This interval does not always allow for a high-quality examination and precise manual actions. Forced approach to an object is possible only when bending the back, thereby increasing the load on the spinal region, which can lead to diseases of the musculoskeletal system and skeletal muscles. The use of binocular loupes gives the doctor the necessary magnification of the object while maintaining the optimal working distance.

line of sight

The field of view is the size of the working field that the doctor sees when using an optical device. This parameter is influenced by such indicators as the diameter of the lens and the degree of magnification of the device. With higher magnification, the field of view decreases, and, accordingly, vice versa. When choosing binocular loupes, it is important to optimally select the relationship between the field of view and the degree of magnification of the optical system, taking into account the solution to the individual tasks of the doctor’s work. In microscopes, the parameters of the magnitude and depth of the field of view are specified by the corresponding criterion for the degree of magnification (from 5 degrees).

Magnification level

The degree of magnification is a formal quantitative indicator indicating the magnification factor of the image without taking into account the clarity of the image. The criterion is important, but not decisive. When choosing an optical system, it is necessary to find the optimal balance between resolution and field of view. There is a traditional application of the degree of magnification depending on the specialization.

Depth of focus

Depth of focus is the range of the visible focused image. The greater depth provides a complete view of the surgical field, reduces gas tension, and also reduces stress on the neck. Depth of field depends on the lighting system, the quality of the optics, the degree of magnification, and the ability of the eyes to focus (accommodation).

Vision angle

Visual angle is an individual parameter that demonstrates a person’s field of vision in a state of fixation on one point. Correct determination of the angle of inclination of the eyepieces contributes to the correct position of the back, neck and head when working as a doctor. This significantly reduces the load on all parts of the spine and prevents pain syndromes. In flip-up systems, independent individual configuration and adjustment is possible. In TTL lenses, this parameter is taken into account at the manufacturing stage based on personal data.

Interpupillary distance

Interpupillary distance is the distance between the centers of the pupils to ensure that the lenses are properly centered in front of the eyes. Interpupillary distance is one of the most important parameters and is always individual. Correctly selected interpupillary distance allows you to produce binocular loupes through which the doctor will see a focused object with precise contours. Particular attention is paid to this parameter in the manufacture of TTL optical systems, since there is no possibility of adjusting the interpupillary distance in TTL systems.

Work area lighting

The greatest efficiency in the use of optical systems is achieved with the use of a light source located between the binoculars, due to which the part of the object that the doctor is currently looking at is illuminated. The color temperature should correspond to natural daylight (~ 5000 K), so the light will not distort the natural color of the tooth tissue. For comfortable work, the light output power should be adjusted within 30,000-50,000 Lux.