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Published: 01/09/2020
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It's no secret that a certain and quite numerous category of citizens resolve controversial issues using insults and profanity. When this seems insufficient, one of the opponents may spit in the other's face. Working with judicial practice when preparing lecture material, I often came across the fact that the person who spat at another person did not suspect that these actions could entail legal consequences.
In everyday life, spitting at an offender is not considered an offense. But I would like to note: this situation develops only until the injured party appeals to the appropriate authorities.
- What category of offense does spitting in the face fall into?
- Responsibility under the Code of Administrative Offenses and the Criminal Code Signs of an offense
- What is the punishment?
Warming up
The advice to “warm up thoroughly” the place where barley forms can often be heard at the very beginning of the disease. “Dry heat” heating is especially popular, usually with salt or sand. They are heated in a dry frying pan, and then placed in a cloth bag, which is applied to the eye. The second place in the list of means for warming up is confidently held by hard-boiled chicken eggs and used hot as a compress.
Doctors warn: any attempt to warm the affected eye leads to increased inflammation. Under the influence of heat, the activity of pathogenic microorganisms is activated. As a result, swelling and the amount of purulent discharge increase, and the abscess, which, in fact, is barley, expands and spreads to neighboring tissues.
Stye can be cured with saliva
The misconception that barley goes away if someone unexpectedly spits in the patient’s eye is sometimes heard from well-educated people. The origin of this myth is unclear. And it is completely unclear what role the suddenness of an unhygienic “procedure” plays in healing.
As for the effect of saliva on the focus of the inflammatory process, it seems more than doubtful. Saliva does contain natural antiseptics; theoretically, they can reduce inflammation, but their concentration is extremely low, insufficient to achieve any significant effect. In addition, the saliva may well contain aggressive bacteria and fungi, especially if the “healer” has dental problems.
What category of offense does spitting in the face fall into?
If a citizen who was spat on contacts the authorities, the resulting incident will lead to the admission of guilt by the person who spat. He may be charged in accordance with the accompanying situation:
- administrative responsibility;
- criminal liability.
Such an act is an offense in all cases. But this incident does not always become a crime, but only when it falls under an article of the Criminal Code.
Treatment with medicinal herbs
The list of medicinal herbs, decoctions and infusions of which supposedly help to quickly cope with barley, is long. It includes such well-known antiseptics as chamomile, wild rosemary, plantain, calendula, birch buds... The most affordable is a compress made from black or green tea.
No one argues that these plants have healing properties. In the absence of individual intolerance, they cannot harm a patient with barley. Compresses with decoctions or steamed herbs are quite capable of reducing itching and swelling of the eyelid at the very beginning of the disease, but they are not able to cope with the infectious pathogen.
The advice to treat barley by eating 10 tansy flowers 2-3 times a day looks completely absurd. Obviously, this will not affect the bacterial infection in any way, but a negative reaction from the digestive tract is quite possible.
Source: depositphotos.com
Responsibility under the Code of Administrative Offenses and the Criminal Code
If the attacker spat on the victim intentionally, that is, with the intent to insult him, and his saliva actually got on the victim’s face, then he may be charged with insult, according to Art. 5.61 of the Code of Administrative Offenses (CAO) of the Russian Federation. Also, this illegal action may be regarded as petty hooliganism in accordance with Art. 20.1 Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation.
In both cases, we observe the decriminalization of the offense: the perpetrator is not considered a criminal, but already belongs to the category of citizens who have violated public principles and public order.
Provided that spitting in the face was addressed to a government official in the performance of his immediate duties, this action already goes beyond the scope of administrative responsibility and becomes a criminal offense. Responsibility for it is provided for in Art. 319 of the Criminal Code (CC) of the Russian Federation.
Signs of an offense
The main sign when spitting in the face is considered an offense is the intentionality of the action. If during a quarrel the opponents came so close to each other that the saliva of one of them accidentally fell on the face of the other, the precedent will not be classified as an offense. You can blame someone who spat only in the following cases:
- he had a deliberate desire to insult and/or humiliate the victim;
- he deliberately approached the victim so that the spit would reach its target;
- spitting was accompanied by characteristic articulation of the lips , collecting saliva;
- the spitting was done confidently , with the intention of hitting the opponent in the face.
In order to confirm the fact of the offense, the victim will have to present evidence of malicious intent on the part of the citizen who spat on him. Such evidence could be:
- testimony of third parties present at the incident;
- photo and video recording of the conflict;
- recording from video cameras in public places.
If the listed evidence is not available, then the offense can be established on the basis of the voluntary confession of the perpetrator. In case of refusal to admit guilt, the grounds for bringing claims against him will not be sufficient even if an examination is carried out and evidence of the presence of traces of his saliva on the victim’s face.
After all, saliva can enter involuntarily or during intimate relationships between persons, which has nothing to do with the offense.
What is the punishment?
According to Article 5.61 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, the following fine is imposed:
- for individuals : 1-3 thousand rubles;
- for officials : 10-30 thousand rubles.
According to Article 20.1 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, the following is charged:
- fine from 500 to 1,000 rubles;
- administrative arrest for up to 15 days.
In case of relapse or other aggravation of guilt, the fine may increase to 2.5 thousand.
If you spit in the face of a government official, for example, accusing him of improper performance of his duties or expressing contempt for another reason, the perpetrator faces one of the following punishments:
- a fine of up to 40 thousand rubles or the amount of earnings (other income) for 3 months;
- compulsory work in the amount of 360 hours;
- correctional labor for up to 1 year.
Judicial practice is rich in examples where spitting resulted in one of the listed types of punishment for the perpetrator.
Barley disappears after cauterization with brilliant green
A well-known method: cauterization of the point on the eyelid from which the stye “grows” with a solution of brilliant green (or alternatively, pure alcohol). The procedure is carried out several times a day using a toothpick, a finely sharpened match or a cotton swab.
The effectiveness of such a fight against rapidly developing inflammation is questionable. But there is a very high risk of getting brilliant green (alcohol) on the cornea and injuring it with a sharp object. Is it worth saying that then the patient’s suffering will increase?
Symptoms
Styes on the eye are acute; upon examination, limited swelling is revealed in the area of the edge of the lower or upper eyelid. The formation has a dense elastic consistency, is painful on palpation, the skin over it is swollen and inflamed. The disease is accompanied by swelling and redness of the conjunctiva (chemosis). Sometimes the patient may experience symptoms of intoxication (fever, headache), enlargement of regional lymph nodes.
In most cases, after 2-4 days from the onset of the disease, an area of suppuration forms at the apex of the swelling, which spontaneously opens with the release of pus and particles of necrotic tissue. It happens that the process does not reach the stage of suppuration and opening, and the swelling resolves on its own after a few days. Sometimes a patient may develop several styes at once.
Treatment with garlic or aloe juice
An attempt to make the barley “resolve” using aloe juice or garlic can lead to no less unpleasant consequences. It will not be possible to stop the inflammatory process, and getting caustic liquid into the eye will cause an extremely unpleasant burning sensation and aggravate the problem.
Barley on the eye is an acute purulent inflammatory process. It can be successfully treated with antiseptic drugs in the form of ointments and drops, but only a specialist can select the appropriate treatment for the situation. Therefore, at the first signs of illness, you should consult a doctor.
Video from YouTube on the topic of the article:
Not in the eyebrow, but in the eye: why stye is dangerous and how to treat it
He is also “maturing”
- Irina Alekseevna, so what kind of disease is this - stye on the eye?
– It would be more correct to say, not on the eye, but on the eyelid. This is an acute purulent inflammation of the hair follicle of the eyelash, or the sebaceous gland, which is located near the bulb. Stye on the outer surface of the eyelid is called external, on the inner surface of the eyelid - internal.
– What are the symptoms?
– This is pain, redness and swelling of the eyelid. The eye may become very watery and there is a feeling that there is a foreign body in it. With external barley, on the 3rd–4th day, a yellow abscess appears close to the edge of the eyelid. If the stye is internal, then redness with a yellow spot can be seen on the inner surface of the eyelid. The skin surrounding the swelling appears inflamed. By the way, internal stye develops more slowly, but it is more painful than external stye. Severe infection can even cause an increase in body temperature to 38 degrees, nausea, headache and other signs of general intoxication of the body. Full ripening of barley occurs in 3–7 days. After the purulent contents are released, the swelling subsides and the pain goes away.
A tea ceremony won't hurt
“My late grandmother spoke to the barley: she whispered something, spat over her shoulder, and the barley did not appear. Are there scientific ways to prevent this disease?
– At the earliest stages, barley can really be stopped. To do this, three to five times a day you need to carefully cauterize the painful tubercle with a solution of brilliant green or an alcohol solution. But if the inflammatory process is active, it is best to consult an ophthalmologist.
- Can you do without a doctor?
– Medical consultation is advisable. The fact is that barley is an insidious disease that can provoke the development of serious complications. For the same reason, you should never squeeze or pierce barley with a needle. This is extremely dangerous! The eye is directly connected to the brain and blood vessels. The infection can spread to nearby tissues, leading to serious problems. The doctor will examine you and order a laboratory test of the contents of the pathological focus to determine the nature of the pathogen. The cause of the disease can be not only staphylococcus and weakened immunity, but also worms, as well as the presence of demodex mites on the eyelashes. The doctor will prescribe the necessary physical procedures, UHF therapy - if there is no temperature, he will recommend medications. As a rule, these are anti-inflammatory ointments and (or) antibacterial drugs for instillation into the eye and oral administration. With the development of internal barley, multiple ulcers or large barley, surgical treatment (opening and drainage of the pathological cavity) is indicated.
– Can folk remedies be used?
– They can be used to relieve symptoms. At the initial stage of the disease, you can warm the sore spot with a hard-boiled egg. Without cooling or cleaning it, place it in a clean cloth and apply it to the eye until it cools completely. But remember: under no circumstances should you heat an already formed abscess! This can contribute to the breakthrough of the pus of ripened barley not outward, but in the opposite direction and, accordingly, the development of sepsis. Herbalists recommend using chamomile, known for its aseptic properties, to quickly eliminate ripening barley.
– How to use chamomile?
– Pour boiling water over a tablespoon, leave for half an hour, strain, soak a cotton pad in the infusion and apply to the affected area. Lotions made from black tea and infusion from birch buds have a good effect. But I should note that traditional methods in the treatment of stye on the eye are only auxiliary. The use of antibiotics is still of paramount importance.
And there will be sugar
– Why does barley appear at all?
– The main culprit of barley is, as a rule, Staphylococcus aureus – about 95% of all cases of the disease are associated with it. Staphylococcal infection is almost always present on the surface of a person’s skin, but if the immune system is strong enough, it does not spread inside the body. If the immune system is weakened, the staphylococcal infection manifests itself, as they say, in all its glory. And stress, hypothermia, lack of vitamins, and the presence of various diseases, especially infectious ones, can weaken the immune system. If a person adheres to the rules of personal hygiene and does not touch his eyes and face with dirty hands, the introduction of Staphylococcus aureus is minimized.
– For some, stye occurs once or twice throughout their lives, while for others it occurs regularly. Why?
– I’ll tell you more - in some cases a person may have several styes at the same time and even in both eyes. In this case, you should definitely see an endocrinologist and do a blood sugar test. Frequent styes may indicate the development of diabetes mellitus, as well as diseases of the gastrointestinal tract or some other systemic and chronic diseases.
– What can’t be done with this disease?
– It is strictly forbidden to scratch your eyes with dirty hands, wear contact lenses, use cosmetics, or cover the sore eye with a band-aid. During illness, do not forget about personal hygiene - use separate utensils and wipe your face with an individual towel so as not to infect your household. It is also recommended to take a course of vitamins and not to get too cold, especially in the summer under air conditioning. After about a week, when the stye opens, remove the pus with a sterile cotton swab, and then treat the wound with an antiseptic, brilliant green, and an alcohol solution. There is no need to apply a bandage or cover the wound with a bactericidal plaster.
– Are there any preventive measures that can help you forget about stye on your eye forever?
- Certainly. First of all, this is strict adherence to the rules of personal hygiene, good nutrition, hardening of the body and treatment of all chronic diseases. And in addition, compliance with the rules for the selection and use of contact lenses and - especially for women - refusal to use cosmetics that have expired. As you can see, nothing complicated. And be healthy!
